Diet for people with high blood pressure

Published online May 17, 2010 PEDIATRICS Vol. 125 No. 6 June 2010, pp. e1419-e1426 (doi:10.1542/peds.2009-2746) This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Submit an eLetter Alert me when this article is cited Alert me when eLetters are posted Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services E-mail this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Add to My File Cabinet Download to citation manager Request Permissions Citing Articles Citing Articles via CrossRef Google Scholar Articles by Belfort, M. B. Articles by McCormick, M. C. PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Belfort, M. B. Articles by McCormick, M. C. Social Bookmarking What’s this? ARTICLES Infant Weight Gain and School-age Blood Pressure and Cognition in Former Preterm Infants Mandy B. Belfort, MD, MPHa, Camilia R. Martin, MD, MSb, Vincent C. Smith, MD, MPHb, Matthew W. Gillman, MD, SMc,d, Marie C. McCormick, MD, ScDb,e

a Division of Newborn Medicine, Children’s Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts;b Department of Neonatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts;c Obesity Prevention Program, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School/Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Boston, Massachusetts; and Departments of d Epidemiology ande Society, Health, and Human Development, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts

OBJECTIVES More rapid infant weight gain may be associated with better neurodevelopment but also with higher blood pressure (BP). The objective of this study was to determine the extent to which infant weight gain is associated with systolic BP (SBP) and IQ at school age in former preterm, low birth weight infants.

METHODS We studied 911 participants in the Infant Health and Development Program, an 8-center longitudinal study of children born at 37 weeks’ gestation and 2500 g. Study staff weighed participants at term and at 4 and 12 months’ corrected ages; measured BP 3 times at 6.5 years; and administered the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Third Edition (WISC-III), an IQ test, at 8 years. In linear regression, we modeled our exposure “infant weight gain” as the 12-month weight z score adjusted for the term weight z score.

RESULTS Median (interquartile range) weight z score was –0.7 (–1.5 to –0.0) at 12 months. Mean SD SBP at 6.5 years was 104.2 8.4 mmHg, and mean SD WISC-III total score at 8 years was 91 18. Adjusting for child gender, age, and race and maternal education, income, age, IQ, and smoking, for each z score additional weight gain from term to 12 months, SBP was 0.7 mmHg higher and WISC-III total score was 1.9 points higher.

CONCLUSIONS In preterm infants, there seem to be modest neurodevelopmental advantages of more rapid weight gain in the first year of life and only small BP-related effects.

Key Words: preterm infant • infant • blood pressure • cognition • fetal programming • growth and development • postnatal growth • small for gestational age

Abbreviations: BP = blood pressure • SBP = systolic BP • IHDP = Infant Health and Development Program • WISC-III = Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Third Edition • GA = gestational age • aOR = adjusted odds ratio

Accepted Jan 28, 2010.

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